Биквадрат Wi-Fi антенна своими руками: чертеж и инструкция

Всем привет! И сегодня у нас блок очумелых ручек. Я постараюсь вам рассказать, как быстро в домашних условиях, при минимальном количестве материалов, сделать неплохую всенаправленную антенну. Мы рассмотрим чертеж популярной биквадрат аннтенны для WiFi подключения, которую можно сделать своими руками. В частности она необходима для частоты 2.4 ГГц, хотя наверное можно её использовать и для 5 ГГц, правда большого преимущества вы от этого не получите.

И так в качестве материалов, нам понадобится: коаксиальный кабель, который будет подключен к роутеру. Далее в качестве основы и держателя мы будем использовать пластиковую основу, чуть дальше более подробно расскажу, что именно нам подойдет. Ну, а для отражателя радиоволны, нам понадобится лист жести, но лучше использовать кусочек фольгированного текстолита или гетинакса.

Инструкция

1. Для того чтобы плотно закрепить двойной квадрат я решил использовать защитный колпачок от велосипедных колес. Но вообще может подойти все что угодно, даже пластиковая крышка – правда смотреться будет не эстетично;

2. Из фольгированного стеклотекстолита вырезаем прямоугольник 100 на 140 мм;

3. Надеюсь все помнят – как найти центр прямоугольника. Там нужно просверлить дырку диаметром чуть больше чем толщина кабеля. Это нужно, чтобы в будущем мы его закрепили клеем;

4. Теперь надо отрезать наш держатель на высотку примерно 1,8 см;

5. Отражатель или наш диск 100 на 140 мм у нас будет около основания. Нам нужно круглым надфилем проделать вот такие отверстия. В них у нас и будет сидеть квадрат. Нужно сделать это таким образом, чтобы в дальнейшем от отражателя до квадратов было ровно 15 мм расстояния;

6. Для квадратов WiFi антенны мы будем использовать медный кабель толщиной 2,5mm2 или 4mm2. Посмотрите на картинку выше – его нужно аккуратно согнуть так, чтобы внутри расстояние от граней было примерно 29 мм, а снаружи 31 мм. Внутренние углы должны иметь расстояние друг от друга и не соприкасаться;

7. Внутренний угол спаиваем, в том месте где вы соединяли кабель;

8. Теперь нужно правильно «развернуть» коаксиальный кабель. Откусываем внешнюю оплетку так, чтобы остался экранированный слой и пластиковая основа. Центральную жилу припаиваем к одному внутреннему углу. А оплетку к другому. Смотрите, чтобы они не соприкасались друг с другом.

9. Пластиковую крышку приклеиваем к отражателю. А в дырку продеваем провод с биквадратной антенной.

10. Приклеиваем вайфай квадраты к пластиковому основанию;

11. А также не забываем приклеить сам провод к отверстию.

Далее антенну обжимаем и прикручиваем к роутеру. Можно также припаять к внутренней части вайфай маршрутизатора, если вы знаете как это сделать. Как видите ничего сложного нет. Усиление происходит в пределах одного дома или квартиры. Также советую ещё одну статью по самодельным антеннам по этой ссылке. Там можно найти ещё один вариант подобной антенны, а также чертеж мощной Wi-Fi пушки.

Видео инструкция двойного биквадрата

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90000 How to Make a WiFi Internet Antenna 90001 90002 The best wi-fi Internet antenna to make is the parabolic antenna that boosts wi-fi signals by 12dB or more. These are made with a USB wi-fi adapter and any type of «dish» or parabola that boosts the signal to that adapter. Directionality of radio waves within the 2.4Ghz band is critical, so moving the antenna around to derive the best signal is recommended. 90003 90002 USB cable lengths suffer no loss of signal strength compared to coaxial cable.Also, DIY antenna projects involving pigtail connections require more assembly and parts, and are not as portable as USB designs for making a wi-fi Internet antenna. 90003 90002 Purchase a USB Wi-Fi adapter. Wireless G adapters can be found on eBay for $ 15- $ 16, at Staples for as little as $ 30 or at other stores for up to $ 100 for wireless N adapters. 90003 90002 Get a metal pie pan (or wire strainer) to serve as a reflective radio frequency surface. 90003 90002 Cut an opening in the center of your parabola.The opening should hold the adapter snuggly. 90003 90002 Insert the adapter into your parabola. 90003 90002 Connect a female-to-male USB cable to the wi-fi adapter. 90003 90002 Plug the male end of the USB cable into a USB port on your computer. 90003 90002 Follow the on-screen set-up instructions to set up your wi-fi reception. 90003 90002 Hang the wire antenna. The parabolic surface and the wi-fi adapter should face the direction of your nearest access point, so position the antenna for maximum signal strength.Radio frequencies are very directional. The antenna should increase your signal strength by 12 to 15db. 90003 90022 Tips 90023 90002 If you have an old satellite dish lying around, try attaching the Wi-Fi antenna to it for even greater signal boost due to the larger surface area of ​​the dish. 90003 90002 Easy Wi-Fi Radar automates Windows XP and Windows Mobile connections. Run it, and it connects you for free to the internet automatically. Easy Wi-Fi Radar will connect to open hotspots, showing the signal strength of access points as green, yellow or red dots.This works on Windows XP and Windows Mobile but not on Vista. 90003 90028 Items you will need 90029 90030 90031 90002 Metal pie pan 90003 90034 90031 90002 USB Wi-Fi adapter 90003 90034 90031 90002 USB cable 90003 90034 90031 90002 10 «wood length 90003 90034 90031 90002 Drill bit 90003 90034 90031 90002 Metal cutters 90003 90034 90055.90000 Do-it-yourself antennas for Community Networks 90001 90002 2014-11-05 / Andy Gunn 90003 90004 For people around the world planning or building wireless networks, the cost and accessibility of the equipment can often be a challenge. There are usually a few models of wireless routers, but they are generally for home or office use, and not intended to be mounted outdoors. In addition, most router antennas are designed to connect with nearby devices, within 100 meters or less.90005 90004 90007 90005 90004 With this limitation in mind, many community wireless networks decide to build custom Wi-Fi antennas to extend the range and capabilities of the wireless routers in their networks. Generally, this means that wireless routers used in community networks must have external antennas. If you have a router at home that is just shaped like a rectangle or box, chances are the antennas are inside the unit. Many modern routers have external antennas-small plastic cylinders (about as big as a pen or pencil) -extending out from the back or sides of the box.These can often be removed and replaced with custom antennas. 90005 90004 I’m always impressed when I see home-made antennas, and extra impressed when I see antennas being used in a way I just had not thought of before. When I encountered documentation on the AlterMundi website about their custom antennas and how they are used in community networks in Argentina, I was intrigued. 90005 90004 AlterMundi is a community organization in Argentina (with partners around the world) that builds community wireless networks.I first met a few of their organizers at the 2013 International Summit for Community Wireless Networks (IS4CWN) in Berlin. I saw their presentation on how they built their custom antennas, but until I read the website documentation I did not realize how they were using them. 90005 90004 AlterMundi’s usage is interesting because they use the two MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) chains in low-cost consumer routers to perform separate functions. A quick Wi-Fi MIMO primer: most consumer routers that have high throughput (N300, N450, N900, etc.) Use multiple antennas to connect to devices with multiple «streams» of data. It is hard to visualize, but imagine instead of trying to make one pipe bigger, you can use multiple pipes at the same time. You could move more water through those pipes, right? Take a look at the example below. 90005 90004 90018 Wi-Fi without MIMO 90019, standard throughput: 90005 90004 90022 90005 90004 90018 Dual-stream MIMO Wi-Fi 90019, about double the throughput over standard: 90005 90004 90029 90005 90004 While you may have more pipes, these are still connected to a single radio in the router (and in your laptop or phone).The «radio» is the chip inside of the router that sends and receives the signals. 90005 90004 For instance, below is an example of a Wi-Fi device with a single radio. It may be able to do multiple things at once, such as provide an Access Point for users to connect to, and a mesh link to connect to other nodes. However, it is restricted to use a single channel, for example Wi-Fi channel 11 on the 2.4GHz band. All of the communications on this node would use this single channel, and compete for connection time.90005 90004 90036 90005 90004 If you had a router with multiple radios inside, you could split up the functions, or make multiple connections on different channels. Below is an example of this type of router. You could have the Wi-Fi Access Point for users on radio 1, and the mesh link connections on radio 2. This allows for many more connections and lowers the amount of competition for time on the wireless channel, since the two radios can use different channels (Channel 1 and Channel 11 on the 2.4GHz band). This has the effect of increasing performance and throughput, but makes the routers more expensive and complicated. 90005 90004 90041 90005 90004 Both of the examples above use MIMO technology. Each radio has two antennas connected to it, which can double the throughput to user devices. If we did not care about throughput, we could do many more interesting things. AlterMundi uses three different antenna configurations for their mesh nodes: 90005 90045 90046 90018 Two omnidirectional antennas.90019 These provide signal all around the mesh node, identical to how a home or office router would work. If the node is mounted outside, it can connect over longer distances, but usually only up to 100 meters or so. 90049 90050 90004 90052 90005 90045 90046 90018 Two long-distance dish antennas. 90019 These provide only long distance links for connecting distant points in the network, not for providing coverage around the mesh router. These can connect with other nodes up to several kilometers away.90049 90050 90004 90061 90005 90045 90046 90018 One omnidirectional antenna, and one long-distance dish antenna 90019. The omnidirectional antenna creates an area around the router for users or other mesh nodes to connect to, but only over a short distance. The directional dish antenna creates a long-distance connection, but may require similar dish antennas at the other end to create a solid connection. This can bridge the gap between nodes that are far away and a cluster of nodes that are nearby.90049 90050 90004 90070 90005 90004 For more details on how these nodes are built using off-the-shelf wireless routers and homemade dishes, see the AlterMundi documentation (in Spanish). 90005 90004 These designs are interesting because they make bridging the gap between long-distance links and local mesh networks easier, and much less expensive. Normally, a separate dish and Wi-Fi router are required to provide the long-distance connection at each end of the link. This would connect to another router with omnidirectional antennas, which would provide connections to users, other mesh nodes, or both.90005 90004 For example — consider the scenario below. Two clusters of homes are separated by several kilometers. Normally, Wi-Fi signals from rooftop routers will not reach this far. With a few routers modified to use directional dish antennas, these two network clusters can be joined into a single network. 90005 90004 90079 90005 90004 This approach is not without its drawbacks, though. As I mentioned earlier, these designs separate the two MIMO chains, and use them for different things.This reduces the available throughput for the Wi-Fi device by half. Instead of a maximum of 130Mbps, the maximum throughput would be 65Mbps (approximately). This is because the router can not utilize multiple connections to a single device, as it is limited to a single stream to each antenna, which are connecting to very separate and distant devices. 90005 90004 Despite this drawback, I think the advantages make it very worthwhile in many cases. And as AlterMundi has shown, it does work quite well.If you know of any other networks trying things like this, or building do-it-yourself antennas, we would love to hear more about it. Get in touch on the Commotion Discuss or Developer lists and let us know about your experiments! 90005 90085 90004 90018 Deep tech note: 90019 90005 90004 I simplified some of the technical points in the article above. Specifically, many routers today are dual band, which means they use both 2.4GHz channels and 5GHz channels simultaneously. This provides two «networks» on a single router, though they connect you to the same resources, typically.Most user devices, such as laptops and phones, only support the 2.4GHz band, but many modern devices now support both. 90005 90004 Technically, each of these bands requires a separate radio — one operating on 2.4GHz, and one operating on 5GHz. When I am discussing multiple radios in the article above, I’m just referencing a single band at a time. The «dual radio» devices I am referring to are two radios on the same band, which is why I mention the two separate channels on the 2.4GHz band. 90005 90004 The routers AlterMundi uses are TP-Link WDR3500, which are dual band, and therefore dual radio.They still only support a single channel on each band. For a router to support multiple channels on a single band, it would need to be multi-radio and multi-band. This would get expensive fast, because if you wanted to support two channels on two bands, that would take 90018 four 90019 radios. Three channels on two bands? 90018 Six 90019 radios. 90005 90004 Also, to keep costs down, consumer routers such as the previously mentioned TP-Link put the signals for each band on a single antenna.Since they are on separate frequencies, the 2.4GHz signal and 5GHz signal do not interfere. Each MIMO stream gets it’s own antenna, so this antenna sharing happens twice. So when AlterMundi makes their custom antennas, those have to support both 2.4GHz and 5GHz for the long distance dishes. Which is what makes it so cool! 90005 .90000 Build a Diy Wifi Antenna «Wonder How To 90001 90002 How To 90003 : 90004 Build a weatherproof compact high gain WiFi antenna 90005 90006 90007 See how to build a weatherproof compact high gain WiFi antenna for under fifteen dollars! This homemade WiFi antenna should be enough for most applications, since it’s three times more powerful than a standard antenna.For this compact DIY Wi-Fi antenna, you’ll need a 12cm x … more 90008 90002 How To 90010 : 90004 Create cheap WiFi antennas for better reception 90005 90006 90007 Systm is the Do-It-Yourself show designed for the common geek who wants to quickly and easily learn how to dive into the latest and hottest tech projects.They will help you avoid pitfalls and get your project up and running fast. In this DIY episode, see how to create cheap W … more 90008 90002 How To 90017 : 90004 Build a high gain WiFi antenna out of a soup can 90005 90006 90007 In this clip, learn how to make a «Cantenna».A cantenna is a high powered WiFi antenna that can be used with any computer or device that is made out of an ordinary soup can. After you have enjoyed a couple of big bowls of chicken noodle soup, save the can and head into your w … more 90008 90002 How To 90024 : 90004 Build an eco-friendly directional WiFi antenna 90005 90006 90007 Learn how to build an environmentally friendly directional WiFi antenna with this simple video guide.To follow along at home, you’ll need the following things: a copper wedge, an N-type connector, some screws, a clamp-on N plug, a pigtail, and a wireless card. You’ll also nee … more 90008 90002 How To 90031 : 90004 Make cheap WiFi antenna booster 90005 90006 90007 Patrick Norton Shows you how to make a simple WiFi antenna booster.This booster is a parabolic reflector made to focus a signal so it is stronger and can project farther. This is perfect if your wireless router is awkward and can not broadcast a wifi signal to the far reaches … more 90008 90002 Hacking Gear 90038 : 90004 10 Essential Gadgets Every Hacker Should Try 90005 90006 90007 If you’ve grown bored of day-to-day hacking and need a new toy to experiment with, we’ve compiled a list of gadgets to help you take password cracking and wireless hacking to the next level.If you’re not a white hat or pentester yourself but have one to shop for, whether for … more 90008 90002 How To 90045 : 90004 Get Free HDTV with a Coat Hanger Antenna 90005 90006 90007 Cheaply, easily and quickly build an HDTV antenna that outperforms amplified store-bought antennas! This DIY antenna has amazingly good reception for your television.Quit paying your cable company when you can get HDTV for free! Video:. 90008 90002 How To 90052 : 90004 Hack a satellite dish into a WiFi signal booster 90005 90006 90007 There are many ways to recycle a satellite dish and this is one of them.In this video tutorial, you’ll learn how to hack an old satellite dish into a biquad WiFi antenna. For detailed, step-by-step instructions on building your own audio signal booster, take a look! 90008 90002 How To 90059 : 90004 Work around the Apple iPhone 4G antenna problem 90005 90006 90007 See how to solve iPhone antenna woes.Whether you’re the proud owner of an Apple iPhone 4G HD or perhaps just considering picking one up, you’re sure to benefit from this free video tutorial, which presents a complete overview how to solve the unfortunate GSM / WiFi antenna brid .. .more 90008 90002 How To 90066 : 90004 Make a Wi-Fi extender from Asian parabolic cookware 90005 90006 90007 Want to boost your WiFi reception? Have an extra wok or parabolic collander? This video tutorial demonstrates a simple hack that will allow you to build an effective radio antenna that will significantly increase the gain of your WiFi signal.To replicate this hack at home, yo … more 90008 90002 How To 90073 : 90004 Share Internet access at highway speeds 90005 90006 90007 Systm is the Do-It-Yourself show designed for the common geek who wants to quickly and easily learn how to dive into the latest and hottest tech projects.They will help you avoid pitfalls and get your project up and running fast. In this DIY episode, see how to share Internet … more 90008 90002 How To 90080 : 90004 Increase Your Xbox 360 WiFi range 90005 90006 90007 Need to use your XBox 360 as a wireless router to tether your other digital devices? While tethering itself is pretty much to the point, what about being able to tether from further distances than ever before? You can actually increase the WiFi range of your XBox 360 by making…more 90008 90002 How To 90087 : 90004 Make a parabolic WiFi booster with aluminum foil 90005 90006 90007 Paper rolls in a circle to close modem will help to increase the interference WiFi up a lot.This helps to increase your WiFI range and signal strength is low. This is a parabolic antenna to reflect the signal in the direction of your laptop. 90008 90002 How To 90094 : 90004 Get free WiFi by tunneling through DNS 90005 90006 90007 Hak5 is not your ordinary tech show.It’s hacking in the old-school sense, covering everything from network security, open source and forensics, to DIY modding and the homebrew scene. Damn the warranties, it’s time to Trust your Technolust. In this episode, see how to get free … more 90008 90002 News 90101 : 90004 Recycle an old satellite dish into a WiFi booster 90005 90006 90007 Struggling to keep up your wireless signal? If you’re struggling to stream Hulu from the backyard DocZee’s got an idea.Pull that old DirecTV satellite dish off the roof. Mod it into a 2.4GHz 802.11 WiFi booster antenna. Oh make that an antenna, that swivels! 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Literally just open the computer and pop it into an available pci sl … more 90008 90002 Altruistic Hacking 90136 : 90004 The Rise of the DIY Radiation Detector 90005 90006 90007 Understandably, the tragedy in Japan has substantially risen the level of worldwide radiation-related hysteria.So much so, as an alternative to stampeding health food stores for iodine tablets, crafty individuals and organizations are hacking together personal radiation detec … more 90008 90002 Friday Fresh 90143 : 90004 Create an Auto G-Spot and More 90005 90006 90007 Every day of the week, WonderHowTo curators are hard at work, scouring the web for the greatest and most inspiring how-to videos.Every Friday, we’ll highlight our favorite finds. Make your own G-spot & protect your car It’s not what you think. The G-spot here does not refer … more 90008 .90000 How to Pick an Antenna for Wi-Fi Hacking «Null Byte :: WonderHowTo 90001 90002 When learning Wi-Fi hacking, picking a compatible Wi-Fi network adapter is the first step to learning to crack Wi-Fi passwords. 90003 90002 Many compatible adapters have swappable antennas, and there are several different kinds of specialized antennas you can add to a network adapter to increase its range and performance. Using a high-gain omnidirectional antenna, a panel antenna, and a parabolic grid, we’ll examine the effect on Wi-Fi signal strength for each category of Wi-Fi antenna.90003 90006 Antennas Expand What Network Adapters Can Do 90007 90002 Wireless network adapters frequently come with a small omnidirectional antenna attached, which can be replaced with an aftermarket antenna. These omnidirectional antennas can pick up a signal about equally from every direction and work best in an office or home where there is no way to know what direction the signal will be coming from. In circumstances where the signal still is not strong enough, we can sacrifice the ability to get a reasonably strong signal from any direction for a much more substantial gain in directional signal strength.90003 90002 Some applications of directional antennas include extreme range and the ability to hunt down signals by signal strength. While omnidirectional antennas make signal hunting extremely difficult, directional antennas will record a spike in signal strength whenever they are pointed towards the source of a Wi-Fi transmission. 90003 90002 You’ll also find different types of directional antennas connecting long-range Wi-Fi links that can span over a mile with a clear line of sight. They are popular on boats, remote sensor stations, and construction sites with remotely linked security cameras.90003 90006 Omnidirectional Antennas 90007 90002 The standard antenna you’ll expect to see on a router or network adapter is the «Rubber Ducky» style antenna that looks like a simple stick. These are simple, cheap, and work very well for what most consumers need. 90003 90018 The Alfa AWUS036NEH network adapter. 90019 Image by Kody / Null Byte 90020 90002 This kind of antenna will have a flat, round radiation pattern that looks like a donut. 90003 90023 The radiation pattern of an omnidirectional antenna.90019 Image via Wikimedia Commons 90020 90002 The pattern is ideal for connecting to a wireless access point on the same floor but is not suitable for connecting to any network outside its range or on another level. 90003 90006 Panel Directional Antennas 90007 90002 Directional panel antennas have a radiation pattern that looks more like a flashlight than a donut. This pattern is much weaker than an omnidirectional antenna in most directions but very strong both directly in front and behind the antenna.90003 90032 The Alfa AWUS036NEH and Alfa RP-SMA 7 panel antenna. 90019 Image by Kody / Null Byte 90020 90002 The main lobe of this radiation pattern, when pointed at the source of a Wi-Fi network, can project extreme range where a regular «Duck» antenna could never reach. If the antenna is moved even a small amount, however, the signal strength can drop off rapidly. 90003 90037 The radiation pattern of a directional antenna. 90019 Image via Wikimedia Commons 90020 90002 This makes a panel antenna an excellent choice for a fixed location but a poor choice for an environment where you do not know the direction of the Wi-Fi signal.90003 90006 Parabolic Grid Antennas 90007 90002 If the radiation pattern of a panel antenna is like a flashlight, the radiation pattern for a parabolic dish antenna is more like a laser beam. These antennas can get an extreme range and are meant for remote fixed locations that can span many miles with a clear line of sight. 90003 90046 The SimpleWiFi G2424 parabolic grid antenna. 90019 Image by Kody / Null Byte 90020 90002 While parabolic grids are bulky and not subtle at all, they have the most extreme reach of nearly any kind of Wi-Fi antenna.Thanks to their high gain and directionality, they can sniff information when compared with programs like Kismet from miles away when positioned correctly. 90003 90051 The radiation pattern of a parabolic dish antenna. 90019 Image via Wikimedia Commons 90020 90002 Like panel antennas, bumping or changing the angle of the antenna can cause the signal to degrade rapidly. As we learned later, even picking up the Wi-Fi device we were tracking can cause a measurable signal spike. 90003 90006 What You’ll Need 90007 90002 To follow this guide, you’ll need a Kali-compatible Wi-Fi network adapter like the Alfa AWUS036NEH, which has a removable Wi-Fi antenna.90003 90002 For an omnidirectional antenna, check out high-gain omnidirectional antennas like the Alfa ARS-N19 Wireless 9 dBi antenna. There are a variety of indoor and outdoor panel adapters available, but I used the Alfa RP-SMA 7 dBi panel antenna. Parabolic grids are more expensive but are worth it if you’re looking for the best possible range. If portability and subtlety are not a consideration, the SimpleWiFi G2424 parabolic grid antenna has the best range of any of the other options we tried.90003 90002 90063 90064 90003 90006 Step 1: Connect the Adapter & Enable Monitor Mode 90007 90002 First, you’ll need to connect your Kali-compatible Wi-Fi network adapter. Once it’s plugged in, you can run 90069 ip a 90070 to find it. It should be named something like 90069 wlan1 90070 if your internal card is 90069 wlan0 90070. 90003 90076 90077 ~ # ip a 1: lo: tu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link / loopback 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 brd 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 inet 127.0.0.1 / 8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 :: 1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link / ether ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff 3: wlan0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link / ether ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff inet 192.168.0.24/24 brd 129.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlan0 valid_lft 2335sec preferred_lft 2335sec inet6 ####: ####: ####: ####: ####: ####: ####: #### / 64 scope global dynamic noprefixroute valid_lft 3599sec preferred_lft 3599sec inet6 #### :: ####: ####: ####: #### / 64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6: wlan1mon: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link / ieee802.11 / radiotap ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff 90078 90079 90002 Next, in a terminal window, run the following 90069 ifconfig 90070 command to bring the network adapter up and the 90069 airmon-ng 90070 command to put it into monitor mode.If your card is named something besides wlan1, make sure to change the name to match yours. Once your card is in monitor mode, you can run 90069 ifconfig 90070 to confirm the card is now named something like 90069 wlan1mon 90070. 90003 90076 90077 ~ # ifconfig wlan1 up ~ # Airmon-ng start wlan1 ~ # Ifconfiq 90078 90079 90002 Now that our card is in monitor mode, we’ll be selecting a network to track as our reference point. We’ll use the strength of this network’s signal to test out our antennas and see what kind of signal strength each type of antenna gives us.90003 90002 First, let’s pull up a list of Wi-Fi networks we can target. We can do this by running 90069 airodump-ng wlan1mon 90070 and watching the adapter scan through all the Wi-Fi channels. After the list has populated a bit, press 90019 Control-C 90020 to cancel the scan. 90003 90076 90077 ~ # airodump-ng wlan1mon CH 11] [Elapsed: 0 s] [2020-04-30 4:36 BSSID PWR Beacons #Data, # / s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -80 2 0 0 11 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK belkin.4d6 ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -83 2 0 0 11 130 OPN DAGOBAH SYSTEM-guest ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -81 2 0 0 11 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK DAGOBAH SYSTEM ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -65 2 0 0 11 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK Sky.NET ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -76 2 0 0 5 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK MySpectrumWiFi1b-2G ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -68 5 1 0 11 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK Carmen Merendez ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -82 3 0 0 1 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK MySpectrumWiFi58-2G BSSID STATION PWR Rate Lost Frames Probe ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -54 0 — 6 0 3 90078 90079 90002 Now, identify the channel that a network with a strong signal is on.We’ll rerun the 90069 airodump-ng 90070 command with the added 90069 -c 90070 flag to scan only on the channel our target network is broadcasting. If we want to scan on channel 1, our command would look like below. 90003 90076 90077 ~ # airodump-ng wlan1mon -c 1 CH 1] [Elapsed: 6 s] [2020-04-30 4:36 BSSID PWR RXQ Beacons #Data, # / s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -78 68 48 3 0 1 195 WPA2 CCMP PSK MySpectrumWiFi58-2G ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -82 0 6 3 0 1 195 WPA2 CCMP PSK TC8715D49 ##: ##: ##: ##: ##: ## -83 5 3 0 0 1 65 WPA2 CCMP PSK LG Aristo 6082 BSSID STATION PWR Rate Lost Frames Probe 90078 90079 90002 Leave this running in the terminal window.From here, we’ll open Wireshark to begin graphing the data. 90003 90006 Step 2: Open Wireshark & ​​Select Target 90007 90002 Once Wireshark is open, select your network adapter as the source and click on the shark fin icon to start the capture. After the capture is started, you’ll see a lot of packets from various networks in the area. Locate a broadcast packet from the network you want to track and click on it. 90003 90002 Under the IEEE 802.11 Beacon Frame information, look for the transmitter address and right-click on it.From the menu, click on «Apply as Filter» and then «Selected» to create a display filter for only transmissions from that Wi-Fi device. 90003 90124 90002 Now, you should only see packets from the device you’re tracking, and you should have a display filter like the one below in the Wireshark filter bar. 90003 90076 90077 wlan.ta == 3a: 53: 9c: b4: 39: ef 90078 90079 90002 This is telling Wireshark to only display packets with a transmitter address matching that of the device you want to track.You can track any other device that is consistently broadcasting the same way, but you may have to target other data packets because smartphones do not give off beacon frames. 90003 90006 Step 3: Monitor Signal Strength & Test Omnidirectional Antenna 90007 90002 Now, plug in your omnidirectional antenna. After getting no signal at first, the signal jumps up when we screw on our omnidirectional antenna and stays there relatively no matter what angle the adapter is held. 90003 90137 90002 This steady signal is good enough for reception and is resistant to change as I move the adapter around and through the room.The only position it does not like is its tip facing directly towards the Wi-Fi source. 90003 90006 Step 4: Test the Directional Panel Antenna 90007 90002 Next, screw in your directional panel antenna. After a signal drop from removing the omnidirectional antenna, we start to see a pattern take shape. The directional antenna can get a consistently higher signal strength when it is pointed directly at the source of the broadcasts but gets worse signal strength when pointed away. 90003 90144 90002 We can use this directionality to achieve a higher signal strength when pointed at any fixed Wi-Fi target, but moving targets will cause a signal drop when they wander out of the main lobe of the panel.90003 90006 Step 5: Test the Parabolic Grid Antenna 90007 90002 Finally, we attach the parabolic grid, and after a huge spike from unplugging the panel antenna, we start to get the highest signal strength we’ve been able to achieve so far. While sweeping the antenna back and forth, I can not only tell exactly where the source is, I can also get spikes of signal strength that greatly exceed anything I was able to get with the omnidirectional or panel antenna. 90003 90002 In the graph below, the omnidirectional and panel antenna are on the left of the signal spike in the middle, and the parabolic grid is on the right.Once we zeroed the parabolic dish in, we got a much stronger and more sensitive signal. 90003 90153 90002 Towards the end of the capture, I picked up the Wi-Fi device we were tracking in another room and observed a jump in signal strength from the dish, meaning it’s possible to even detect when someone is moving a device physically with a highly directional antenna. 90003 90006 Directional Antennas Create Useful Radiation Patterns 90007 90002 While directional network adapter can dramatically increase the signal of a network when aimed correctly, the advantage disappears or can shift as Wi-Fi signals bounce off walls and other obstacles.In an environment with many obstacles, you may find that the strongest signal a directional antenna can receive may be from an angle other than directly towards the source. 90003 90002 It’s also worth noting that a larger omnidirectional antenna does not always mean a stronger signal. If a Wi-Fi source is closeby, a larger antenna can extend the strongest part of the radiation pattern beyond where the target is located. 90003 90002 I hope you enjoyed this guide to using specialized antennas for Wi-Fi hacking! If you have any questions about this tutorial on using directional and omnidirectional antennas, leave a comment below, and feel free to reach me on Twitter @KodyKinzie.90003 90164 90002 90069 Do not Miss: Discover & Attack Raspberry Pis Using Default Credentials 90070 90003 90169 90002 90069 Want to start making money as a white hat hacker? 90070 Jump-start your white-hat hacking career with our 2020 Premium Ethical Hacking Certification Training Bundle from the new Null Byte Shop and get over 60 hours of training from ethical hacking professionals. 90003 90002 90069 Buy Now (90% off)> 90070 90003 90178 Cover photo by Kody / Null Byte 90179 .